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Technical Insights

Deep dives into high-speed simulation, signal integrity and simulation–measurement correlation.

Straight-line interpolation missing ripples in an insertion-loss curve at 5, 21 and 81 points
Signal Integrity

How Much Data Is Enough? An Insertion-Loss Sensitivity Study

Three solved points per input are enough for reflection-removed insertion loss, with interpolation gaps under 0.6%. Raw IL needs up to seven for substrate height. We derive the rule from the second derivative and link it to uncertainty quantification.

Emmanuel·Oct 6, 2026·8 min read
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Insertion loss per millimetre for five simulation setups of one microstrip line, 1–40 GHz
Simulation

Simulation–Measurement Correlation in High-Frequency Planar Structures: Why They Disagree and How the Gap Is Closed

Published simulation–measurement gaps of 2–8% are routine. We trace every discrepancy to three origins, group the remedies into five schools of thought, and show that solver setup alone changes microstrip insertion loss by 2.2× at 40 GHz.

Emmanuel·Oct 8, 2026·15 min read
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